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Fatigue & NSTMOnline self-study

Steel Fatigue: Details, Categories and Cracking

1 PDH · about 60 minutes · Course no. BR-F01 · Instructor: Michael Craig, PE

About the instructor

Michael Craig, PE is Senior Vice President and Southeast Director at Strinteg Corporation, leading bridge inspection and structural engineering across eight states and Puerto Rico. In 27+ years he has inspected over 4,000 structures and completed 3,000+ load ratings and 160+ load tests. He has managed repair and preservation design for complex bridges, including cable-stayed bridges. He holds PE licenses in twelve states, DC and Puerto Rico, SPRAT Level 1, and FAA Part 107 credentials.

Fatigue cracking is the most common form of structural damage found in steel highway bridges, and the way an engineer responds to a crack depends on understanding why it formed. This course explains load-induced fatigue and the AASHTO LRFD nominal-stress approach with its eight detail categories (A through E′), the Fatigue I and Fatigue II limit states, distortion-induced fatigue in web gaps and connection angles, how cracks are found, and the repair and retrofit methods documented by FHWA. It draws on FHWA's Manual for Repair and Retrofit of Fatigue Cracks in Steel Bridges (FHWA-IF-13-020, Dexter and Ocel, 2013) and Chapter 12, Design for Fatigue, of the Steel Bridge Design Handbook (NSBA/AISC, February 2022 edition, updated to the 9th Edition AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications). Values quoted from AASHTO tables are reproduced as that handbook states them; confirm them against the edition your agency has adopted.

⬇ Download study guide (PDF)

Learning objectives

  • Explain load-induced fatigue
  • Use detail categories A through E'
  • Recognize distortion-induced fatigue
  • Select crack repairs

Outline

  1. Why fatigue matters for bridge owners
  2. Fatigue versus fracture
  3. Why stress range governs
  4. S-N curves and the eight detail categories
  5. Fatigue I, Fatigue II and the fatigue truck
  6. A worked example (illustrative numbers)
  7. Assessment approaches and field measurement
  8. Distortion-induced fatigue: web gaps and connections
  9. Finding fatigue cracks
  10. Choosing a strategy: monitor, repair or retrofit
  11. Repair methods for cracks and weld toes
  12. Retrofits for web gap distortion
  13. Putting it together: an owner's checklist
  14. Open the course (19 screens, 2 knowledge checks)
  15. Final quiz — 10 questions, 70% to pass

References

  1. FHWA, Manual for Repair and Retrofit of Fatigue Cracks in Steel Bridges, FHWA-IF-13-020, 2013
  2. NSBA/AISC, Steel Bridge Design Handbook, Chapter 12: Design for Fatigue (D. Mertz; revised by M. A. Grubb), February 2022, prepared to the 9th Edition AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications; successor to FHWA-HIF-16-002 Vol. 12