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SteelOnline self-study

Heat Straightening of Damaged Steel Members

1 PDH · about 60 minutes · Course no. BR-ST03 · Instructor: Michael Craig, PE

About the instructor

Michael Craig, PE is Senior Vice President and Southeast Director at Strinteg Corporation, leading bridge inspection and structural engineering across eight states and Puerto Rico. In 27+ years he has inspected over 4,000 structures and completed 3,000+ load ratings and 160+ load tests. He has managed repair and preservation design for complex bridges, including cable-stayed bridges. He holds PE licenses in twelve states, DC and Puerto Rico, SPRAT Level 1, and FAA Part 107 credentials.

Steel bridge members get bent, twisted and buckled by over-height vehicle strikes, construction and handling mishaps, overloads, earthquakes and fires. Heat straightening lets an owner restore many of these members in place, often without replacing steel or shoring the span, if the repair is engineered rather than improvised. This course follows the FHWA Guide for Heat-Straightening of Damaged Steel Bridge Members (FHWA-IF-08-999, R. Richard Avent, August 2008), the final draft of the AASHTO guidelines, and notes where the newer FHWA Manual for Heat Straightening, Heat Curving and Cold Bending of Bridge Components (FHWA-HIF-23-003, March 2023) updates it. It covers how heat straightening works, the temperature limits by steel type, the vee, line, edge and spot heating patterns, restraint and jacking limits, how to measure damage and decide between repair and replacement, and how to specify and inspect the work. Temperature, strain and jacking limits are quoted from those two documents with their sections. Worked numbers in the examples are illustrative and computed for this course, not from a real bridge.

⬇ Download study guide (PDF)

Learning objectives

  • Describe how heat straightening works
  • State temperature limits
  • Select heating patterns
  • Assess when replacement is needed

Outline

  1. Why heat straightening matters
  2. Damage categories
  3. Heat straightening versus hot mechanical straightening and hot working
  4. How heat straightening works
  5. Temperature limits by steel type
  6. Measuring temperature in the field
  7. The four basic heating patterns
  8. Patterns for rolled and built-up shapes
  9. Choosing vee depth, vee angle and spacing
  10. Restraining forces and jacking limits
  11. Illustrative example: setting a jacking force
  12. Heating sequence, cycles and cooling
  13. Assessing the damage
  14. Illustrative example: computing the strain ratio
  15. Repair or replace
  16. What heat straightening does to the steel
  17. Specifying and inspecting the repair
  18. Safety and a case study
  19. Open the course (24 screens, 2 knowledge checks)
  20. Final quiz — 10 questions, 70% to pass

References

  1. FHWA, Guide for Heat-Straightening of Damaged Steel Bridge Members, FHWA-IF-08-999, 2008
  2. FHWA, Bridge Inspector's Reference Manual (BIRM), FHWA-NHI-12-049, 2012 (as revised)
  3. FHWA, Guide for Heat-Straightening of Damaged Steel Bridge Members: Final Draft of the AASHTO Guidelines, FHWA-IF-08-999, R. R. Avent, August 2008 (rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/51757)
  4. FHWA, Manual for Heat Straightening, Heat Curving and Cold Bending of Bridge Components, FHWA-HIF-23-003, F. Geoghegan, R. Medlock, B. Packard, March 2023 (fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/pubs/hif23003.pdf)
  5. AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code, heat-straightening temperature limits as quoted in FHWA-IF-08-999 (1996 edition) and FHWA-HIF-23-003 (2015 edition)